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- <text id=91TT2733>
- <title>
- Dec. 09, 1991: Germany's Ironic Trickster
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Dec. 09, 1991 One Nation, Under God
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ART, Page 80
- Germany's Ironic Trickster
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A touring U.S. retrospective displays the political sarcasm and
- brilliantly mixed-up imagery of Sigmar Polke
- </p>
- <p>By Robert Hughes
- </p>
- <p> If you want consistency in an artist, you will never find
- it in Sigmar Polke. His retrospective of some 100 works from
- the past three decades, which has been touring the U.S. and is
- now at the Brooklyn Museum, makes this clear. Polke, 50, is the
- hermetic trickster of modern German painting: sarcastic,
- refractory, endowed with a mania for mystification, and very
- uneven in the quality of his output. The good Polkes are as good
- as anything that has come out of Germany since the 1960s,
- including the work of Anselm Kiefer; the bad ones, very much
- not. And the problem for museums is compounded by the fact that,
- as the catalog delicately puts it, "Since 1982, Polke has
- consistently produced work that alters its appearance."
- Translation: he paints with such untested and fugitive chemical
- gunks that some of the images probably won't be there in another
- 10 years. See them while you can.
- </p>
- <p> When the '80s released their yowling chorus of demotic,
- admass and apocalyptic imagery on an art audience bored with the
- chaste devices of conceptual and process art, Polke was right
- out in front. He scraped up disparaged cliches of "vulgar"
- modernism, like Francis Picabia's habit of layering images one
- over another, and combined them with a Rauschenbergian appetite
- for the diverse. He was assiduously imitated by then new
- painters in America, none of whom had Polke's edge or flair.
- This was a small but classic example of the transatlantic
- feedback loop, whereby ideas born in the U.S. are picked up and
- developed in Europe and then shunted back to influence New York
- City. For Polke's early paintings, from the late '60s and the
- '70s, are clearly a response--though an angular, ironic one--to American Pop. His enlarged raster grids come out of Roy
- Lichtenstein's Benday dots, his use of stark photographic
- transfer from early Andy Warhol, his enigmatic image collisions
- from James Rosenquist.
- </p>
- <p> His skepticism, however, was all his own. Polke had
- escaped from East to West Berlin in 1953 as a 12-year-old, and
- after a spell as an apprentice glass painter (a training that
- still shows in his penchant for transparent, backlighted
- pictures), he wound up as a student at the Dusseldorf Art
- Academy in the '60s. There he fell under the influence of Joseph
- Beuys. He seems to have got two big things from Beuys: first,
- the idea of the artist as clown, shaman and alchemist; second,
- a healthy reluctance to believe in the final value of categories
- of style. Hence his early parodies of the sacred modes of
- Modernism. He and two student friends formed a grouplet named
- Capitalist Realism--the right term, they thought, for the
- official (modern) art of the West, as Socialist Realism had been
- for official Russian art since Stalin's time.
- </p>
- <p> Capitalist Realism had a further meaning. Like American
- Pop, it was about objects of desire, seen from a distance. The
- things Polke started piling into his paintings--cake,
- liverwurst, plastic tubs, etc.--were excruciatingly hackneyed,
- with none of the gloss and glamour of American Pop, but they
- also had a muffled political dimension. Common as air in the
- Germany he had entered, they were precisely what the Germany he
- had left behind did not have; and the split between East and
- West, for ordinary Germans, lay along the ruts of consumption
- rather than the peaks of rhetoric.
- </p>
- <p> In the '70s and '80s, Polke's work became increasingly
- diverse in its imagery, subject to crazy and lyrical jumps--at times it suggested the sense of flittering between levels of
- awareness induced by pot--and impacted with material from both
- low culture and high. But it never lost its political sarcasm.
- Polke's scenes of mob violence from the French Revolution, blown
- up from 18th century engravings (heads on Jacobinic pikes,
- lynchings on street lanterns), had a special resonance for a
- Germany haunted by the Red Army Faction. His Paganini, 1982,
- with its key motif of the demonic violinist playing arpeggios
- of swastikas, is a great history painting, nothing less.
- </p>
- <p> Watchtower with Geese, 1987-88, summons up the emblem of
- Germany's internal split, the border guard tower, without
- getting complacent about the wonders of the West: on one side
- is the grim authoritarian tower, on the other a swatch of black
- fabric imprinted with kitsch emblems of leisure--beach
- umbrellas, sunglasses, deck chairs--and in between the two a
- gaggle of outlined geese, with no clue as to whether they are
- citizens of West or East. Such impudent symbols, made in and for
- a Germany just before the unpredicted fall of the Wall, cut to
- a level of general unease; they suggest a bottomless anxiety
- about the stability of images.
- </p>
- <p> Polke, or so one may feel after going through this show,
- is less successful when his trickster side recedes and a
- longing for the sublime takes over. Witness the pseudo-Abstract
- Expressionist paintings collectively titled The Spirits That
- Lend Strength Are Invisible, 1988: urine-colored lakes of glossy
- resin scattered with cosmic-significance emblems like ground-up
- meteorites or Indian flint spearpoints. The show's curator, John
- Caldwell of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, writes in
- his catalog essay that they are "in some ways the culmination
- of [Polke's] work" and that they are mysterious because
- technically unclassifiable, "since blowing tellurium dust into
- resin is not an activity normally associated with the act of
- painting." Yet what else, when you come down to it, has painting
- always been but the application of ground-up rocks mixed with
- a binder to a flat surface?
- </p>
- <p> In such works Polke is vapid and pretentiously big. But as
- a stirrer and subverter of ready-made images, nobody alive can
- rival him.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-